Prohibited List - SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
S0. NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES
Prohibited at all times (In and Out-of-Competition)
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances
Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times.
This class covers many different substances including but not limited to BPC-157, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), ryanodine receptor-1-calstabin complex stabilizers [e.g. S-107, S48168 (ARM210)] and troponin activators (e.g. reldesemtiv and tirasemtiv).
S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
S1.1 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)
a. When administered exogenously, including but not limited to:
• 1-Androstenediol (5ɑ-androst-1-ene-3ß,17ß-diol)
• 1-Androstenedione (5ɑ-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione)
• 1-Androsterone (3ɑ-hydroxy-5a-androst-1-ene-17-one)
• 1-Epiandrosterone (3ß-hydroxy-5ɑ-androst1-ene-17-one)
• 1-Testosterone (17ß-hydroxy-5ɑ-androst-1-en-3-one)
• 4-Androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3ß,17ß-diol)
• 4-Hydroxytestosterone(4,17ß-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
• 5-Androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione)
• 7ɑ-Hydroxy-DHEA
• 7ß-Hydroxy-DHEA
• 7-Keto-DHEA
• 11ß-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
• 17ɑ-Methylepithiostanol (epistane)
• 19-Norandrostenediol (estr-4-ene-3,17-diol)
• 19-Norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione)
• Androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione(11-ketoandrostenedione, adrenosterone)
• Androstanolone (5ɑ-dihydrotestosterone,17ß-hydroxy-5ɑ-androstan-3-one)
• Androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3ß,17ß-diol)
• Androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione)
• Bolasterone
• Boldenone
• Boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione)
• Calusterone
• Clostebol
• Danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4’,5’:2,3]pregna-4-en20-yn-17ɑ-ol)
• Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro17ß-hydroxy-17ɑ-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
• Desoxymethyltestosterone (17ɑ-methyl5ɑ-androst-2-en-17ß-ol and 17ɑ-methyl-5ɑandrost-3-en-17ß-ol)
• Dimethandrolone (7ɑ,11ß-Dimethyl-19-nortestosterone)
• Drostanolone
• Epiandrosterone (3ß-hydroxy-5ɑ-androstan17-one)
• Epi-dihydrotestosterone (17ß-hydroxy-5ßandrostan-3-one)
• Epitestosterone
• Ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17ɑ-ol)
• Fluoxymesterone
• Formebolone
• Furazabol (17ɑ-methyl [1,2,5] oxadiazolo[3’,4’:2,3]-5ɑ-androstan-17ß-ol)
• Gestrinone
• Mestanolone
• Mesterolone
• Metandienone (17ß-hydroxy-17ɑmethylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
• Metenolone
• Methandriol
• Methasterone (17ß-hydroxy-2ɑ,17ɑ-dimethyl5ɑ-androstan-3-one)
• Methyl-1-testosterone (17ß-hydroxy-17ɑmethyl-5ɑ-androst-1-en-3-one)
• Methylclostebol
• Methyldienolone (17ß-hydroxy-17ɑmethylestra-4,9-dien-3-one)
• Methylnortestosterone (17ß-hydroxy-17ɑmethylestr-4-en-3-one)
• Methyltestosterone
• Metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17ß-hydroxy17ɑ-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
• Mibolerone
• Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone)
• Norboletone
• Norclostebol (4-chloro-17ß-ol-estr-4-en-3-one)
• Norethandrolone
• Oxabolone
• Oxandrolone
• Oxymesterone
• Oxymetholone
• Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA,3ß-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one)
• Prostanozol (17ß-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1’H-pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5ɑ-androstane)
• Quinbolone
• Stanozolol
• Stenbolone
• Testosterone
• Tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18ahomo-19-nor-17ɑ-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
• Tibolone
• Trenbolone (17ß-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
• Trestolone (7ɑ-Methyl-19-nortestosterone,MENT)
and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s) including their esters.
S1.2. Other Anabolic Agents
Including, but not limited to:
Including, but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, osilodrostat, ractopamine, selective androgen receptor modulators [SARMs, e.g. andarine, enobosarm (ostarine), LGD-4033 (ligandrol), RAD140, S-23 and YK-11], zeranol and zilpaterol.
S2. PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS, RELATED SUBSTANCES AND MIMETICS
Prohibited at all times (In and Out-of-Competition)
All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances
The following substances, and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), are prohibited.
2.1. Erythropoietins (EPO) and agents affecting erythropoiesis, including, but not limited to:
S2.1.1 Erythropoietin receptor agonists, e.g. darbepoetins (dEPO); erythropoietins (EPO); EPO-based constructs [e.g. EPO-Fc, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA)]; EPO-mimetic agents and their constructs (e.g. CNTO-530, peginesatide, pegmolesatide).
S2.1.2 Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activating agents, e.g. cobalt; daprodustat (GSK1278863); IOX2; molidustat (BAY 85-3934); roxadustat (FG-4592); vadadustat (AKB-6548); xenon.
S2.1.3 GATA inhibitors, e.g. K-11706.
S2.1.4 Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) signalling inhibitors, e.g. luspatercept; sotatercept.S2.1.5 Innate repair receptor agonists, e.g. asialo EPO; carbamylated EPO (CEPO).
S2. Peptide Hormones and their releasing factors
S2.2.1 Testosterone-stimulating peptides in males including, but not limited to:
• chorionic gonadotrophin (CG)
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• gonadotrophin- releasing hormone (GnRH, gonadorelin) and its agonist analogues
(e.g. buserelin, deslorelin, goserelin, histrelin, leuprorelin, nafarelin and triptorelin)
• kisspeptin and its agonist analogues
S2.2.2 Corticotrophins and their releasing factors, e.g. corticorelin and tetracosactide
S2.2.3 Growth hormone (GH), its analogues and fragments including, but not limited to:
• growth hormone analogues, e.g. lonapegsomatropin, somapacitan and somatrogon
• growth hormone fragments, e.g. AOD-9604 and hGH 176-191
S2.2.4 Growth hormone releasing factors, including, but not limited to:
• growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its analogues (e.g. CJC-1293, CJC-1295, sermorelin and tesamorelin)
• growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) and their mimetics [e.g. anamorelin,
capromorelin, ibutamoren (MK-677), ipamorelin, lenomorelin (ghrelin), macimorelin and tabimorelin]
• GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) [e.g. alexamorelin, examorelin (hexarelin), GHRP-1, GHRP-2 (pralmorelin), GHRP-3, GHRP-4, GHRP-5 and GHRP-6]
S2.3 Growth hormone (GH), its analogues and fragments including, but not limited to:
Including, but not limited to:
• Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)
• Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)
• Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, mecasermin) and its analogues
• Mechano growth factors (MGFs)
• Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
• Thymosin-ß4 and its derivatives e.g. TB-500
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
and other growth factors or growth factor modulators affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching.
S3. BETA-2 AGONISTS
All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers,
are prohibited. Including, but not limited to:
• Arformoterol
• Fenoterol
• Formoterol
• Higenamine
• Indacaterol
• Levosalbutamol
• Olodaterol
• Procaterol
• Reproterol
• Salbutamol
• Salmeterol
• Terbutaline
• Tretoquinol (trimetoquinol)
• Tulobuterol
• Vilanterol
Except:
• Inhaled salbutamol: maximum 1600 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses not to exceed 600 micrograms over 8 hours starting from any dose
• Inhaled formoterol: maximum delivered dose of 54 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses not to exceed 36 micrograms over 12 hours starting from any dose
• Inhaled salmeterol: maximum 200 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses not to exceed 100 micrograms over 8 hours starting from any dose
• Inhaled vilanterol: maximum 25 micrograms over 24 hours
The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is not consistent with therapeutic use of the substance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of a therapeutic dose (by inhalation) up to the maximum dose indicated above.
S4. HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS
Prohibited at all times (In and Out-of-Competition)
Prohibited substances in classes S4.1 and S4.2 are Specified Substances.
Those in classes S4.3 and S4.4 are non-Specified Substances
The following hormone and metabolic modulators are prohibited:
S4.1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to:
• 2-Androstenol (5ɑ-androst-2-en-17-ol)
• 2-Androstenone (5ɑ-androst-2-en-17-one)
• 2-Phenylbenzo[h]chromen-4-one (ɑ-naphthoflavone; 7,8-benzoflavone)
• 3-Androstenol (5ɑ-androst-3-en-17-ol)
• 3-Androstenone (5ɑ-androst-3-en-17-one)
• 4-Androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo)
• Aminoglutethimide
• Anastrozole
• Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (androstatrienedione)
• Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione (arimistane)
• Exemestane
• Formestane
• Letrozole
• Testolactone
**S4.2.**Anti-Estrogenic substances [Anti-Estrogens and selective Estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)] including, but not limited to:
• Bazedoxifene
• Clomifene
• Cyclofenil
• Elacestrant
• Fulvestrant
• Ospemifene
• Raloxifene
• Tamoxifen
• Toremifene
S4.3. Agents preventing actvin receptor IIB activation including, but not limited to:
• Activin A-neutralizing antibodies
• Activin receptor IIB competitors such as:
– Decoy activin receptors (e.g. ACE-031)
• Anti-activin receptor IIB antibodies
(e.g. bimagrumab)
• Myostatin inhibitors such as:
– Agents reducing or ablating myostatin expression
– Myostatin-binding proteins (e.g. follistatin, myostatin propeptide)
– Myostatin- or precursor-neutralizing antibodies (e.g. apitegromab, domagrozumab, landogrozumab, stamulumab)
S4.4 Metabolic modulators:
S4.4.1
- Activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), e.g. 5-N,6-N-bis(2-
fluorophenyl)-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine (BAM15), AICAR, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c)
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonists, e.g. 2-(2-methyl4-((4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-5-yl)methylthio)phenoxy) acetic acid (GW1516, GW501516)
• Rev-erbɑ agonists, e.g. SR9009, SR9011
S4.4.2 Insulins and insulin-mimetics, e.g. S519, S597
S4.4.3 Meldonium
S4.4.4 Trimetazidine
S5. DIURETICS AND MASKING AGENTS
Prohibited at all times (In and Out-of-Competition)
All diuretics and masking agents, including all optical isomers, e.g. d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited.
Including, but not limited to:
• Diuretics such as:
Acetazolamide; amiloride; bumetanide; canrenone; chlortalidone; etacrynic acid; furosemide; indapamide; metolazone; spironolactone; thiazides, e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide; torasemide; triamterene; xipamide
• Vaptans, e.g. conivaptan, mozavaptan, tolvaptan
• Plasma expanders by intravenous administration such as: Albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, mannitol
• Desmopressin
• Probenecid
and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
Except:
• Drospirenone; pamabrom; and topical ophthalmic administration of carbonic
anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. dorzolamide, brinzolamide)
• Local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia
The detection in an Athlete’s Sample at all times or In-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of the following substances subject to threshold limits: formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine, methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine, in conjunction with a diuretic or masking agent (except topical ophthalmic administration of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor or local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia), will be considered
as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete has an approved Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) for that substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic or masking agent.
PROHIBITED METHODS
Prohibited at all times (In and Out-of-Competition)
All prohibited methods in this class are non-Specified except methods in M2.2. which are Specified Methods.
M1. MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:
M1.1. The Administration or reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous blood, or red blood cell products of any origin into the circulatory system.
The withdrawal of blood or blood components (including by apheresis), unless
performed for 1) analytical purposes including medical tests or Doping Control, or for 2) donation purposes in a collection center accredited by the relevant regulatory authority of the country in which it operates.
M1.2. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen.
Including, but not limited to:
Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13); voxelotor and modified haemoglobin
products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and microencapsulated
haemoglobin products, excluding supplemental oxygen by inhalation.
M1.3. Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components by physical or chemical means.
M1.4. The use of re-breathing systems or equipment to deliver carbon monoxide, unless performed as a diagnostic procedure under the supervision of a medical or scientific professional.
M2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
M2.1. Tampering, or Attempting to Tamper, to alter the integrity and validity of Samples collected during Doping Control.
Including, but not limited to:
Sample substitution and/or adulteration, e.g. addition of proteases to Sample.
M2.2. Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than a total of 100 mL per 12-hour period except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital treatments, surgical procedures or clinical diagnostic investigations.
M3. GENE AND CELL DOPING
The following, with the potential to enhance sport performance, are prohibited:
M3.1. The use of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues that may alter genome
sequences and/or gene expression by any mechanism. This includes but is not
limited to gene editing, gene silencing and gene transfer technologies.
M3.2. The use of normal or genetically modified cells or cell components (e.g. nuclei and organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes)
