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S2. PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS, RELATED SUBSTANCES AND MIMETICS

PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND  OUT-OF-COMPETITION)

All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances

The following substances, and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), are prohibited:

S2.1. ERYTHROPOIETINS (EPO) AND AGENTS AFFECTING ERYTHROPOIESIS

Including, but not limited to:

S2.1.1 Erythropoietin receptor agonists, e.g. darbepoetins (dEPO); erythropoietins (EPO); EPO-based constructs [e.g. EPO-Fc, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA)]; EPO-mimetic agents and their constructs (e.g. CNTO-530, peginesatide).

S2.1.2 Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activating agents, e.g. cobalt; daprodustat (GSK1278863); IOX2; molidustat (BAY 85-3934); roxadustat (FG-4592); vadadustat (AKB-6548); xenon.

S2.1.3 GATA inhibitors, e.g. K-11706.

S2.1.4 Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) signalling inhibitors, e.g. luspatercept; sotatercept.

S2.1.5 Innate repair receptor agonists, e.g. asialo EPO; carbamylated EPO (CEPO).

S2.2. PEPTIDE HORMONES AND THEIR RELEASING FACTORS

S2.2.1 Testosterone-stimulating peptides in males including, but not limited to:

  • chorionic gonadotrophin (CG),
  • luteinizing hormone (LH),
  • gonadotrophin- releasing hormone (GnRH, gonadorelin) and its agonist analogues (e.g. buserelin, deslorelin, gonadorelin, goserelin, histrelin, leuprorelin,
  • nafarelin and triptorelin),
  • kisspeptin and its agonist analogues

S2.2.2 Corticotrophins and their releasing factors, e.g. corticorelin and tetracosactide

S2.2.3 Growth hormone (GH), its analogues and fragments including, but not limited to:

  • growth hormone analogues, e.g. lonapegsomatropin, somapacitan and somatrogon
  • growth hormone fragments, e.g. AOD-9604 and hGH 176-191

S2.2.4 Growth hormone releasing factors, including, but not limited to:

  • growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its analogues (e.g. CJC-1293, CJC-1295, sermorelin and tesamorelin)
  • growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) and their mimetics [e.g,anamorelin, capromorelin, ibutamoren (MK-677), ipamorelin, lenomorelin (ghrelin), macimorelin and tabimorelin]
  • GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) [e.g. alexamorelin, examorelin (hexarelin), GHRP- 1, GHRP-2 (pralmorelin), GHRP-3, GHRP-4, GHRP-5 and GHRP-6]

S2.3. GROWTH FACTORS AND GROWTH FACTOR MODULATORS

Including, but not limited to:

  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)
  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, mecasermin) and its analogues
  • Mechano growth factors (MGFs)
  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
  • Thymosin-ß4 and its derivatives g. TB-500
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

and other growth factors or growth factor modulators affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching.